Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a rare but potentially serious viral disease that has garnered significant attention due to recent outbreaks in various parts of the world. Understanding the transmission, prevention, and treatment of Mpox is crucial in controlling its spread and protecting public health.
What is Mpox?
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. It is caused by the MonkeyPox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus, the same family as the smallpox virus. Although Mpox is less severe than smallpox, it can still cause significant illness, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Transmission
Mpox primarily spreads through close contact with an infected person or animal. The virus can enter the body through broken skin, respiratory tract, or mucous membranes, including the eyes, nose, and mouth. Here are the main ways Mpox is transmitted:
- Human-to-Human Transmission:
- Direct Contact: Prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, particularly with their lesions, can transmit the virus.
- Respiratory Droplets: Though less common, respiratory droplets from an infected person can spread Mpox, especially during prolonged face-to-face contact.
- Contaminated Objects: Items such as bedding, clothing, or other materials that have come into contact with infectious fluids or lesions can also spread the virus.
- Animal-to-Human Transmission:
- Contact with infected animals, such as rodents or primates, either through bites, scratches, or handling their tissues, can lead to infection.
Symptoms
The symptoms of Mpox typically appear within 5 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. The illness begins with flu-like symptoms, including:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Back pain
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Chills
- Exhaustion
Within 1-3 days, a rash develops, often starting on the face and trunk, then spreading towards the arms and legs, including palms and soles. The rash starts from macules (flat, discolored spots) then progresses to papules (raised spots), vesicles (fluid-filled blisters), pustules (pus-filled lesions), and finally, scabs that eventually fall off and are replaced by new skin. The entire illness usually lasts between 2 to 4 weeks.
Prevention
Preventing the spread of Mpox involves several key strategies:
- Avoid Close Contact: Limit direct contact with individuals who are infected or who have symptoms consistent with Mpox. Avoid touching their lesions or handling their belongings without proper protection (e.g. gloves).
- Practice Good Hygiene: Regular handwashing with soap and water is essential. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
- Use Protective Equipment: Health care workers and those caring for infected individuals should use personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, masks, and gowns, to minimize the risk of transmission.
- Isolate Infected Individuals: Those diagnosed with Mpox should be isolated to prevent the spread of the virus. Quarantine measures may also be implemented for those exposed to the virus but not yet showing symptoms.
- Vaccination: The smallpox vaccine has been shown to provide protection against Mpox. In some cases, it may be used as a preventive measure for those at high risk of exposure, such as health care workers or individuals in close contact with infected persons.
Treatment
There is currently no specific treatment for Mpox. However, supportive care can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment options include:
- Symptomatic Relief: Medications such as antipyretics (for fever), pain relievers, and antihistamines can help alleviate symptoms.
- Fluid and Electrolyte Management: Ensuring proper hydration and electrolyte balance is essential, especially if the patient experiences significant fluid loss due to fever or vomiting.
Mpox, while rare, is a disease that requires vigilance and awareness to prevent its spread. By understanding how it is transmitted, taking preventive measures, and recognizing symptoms early, individuals and healthcare providers can play a crucial role in controlling outbreaks.
It pays to be informed
As research continues, advancements in vaccines and treatments may further aid in the fight against Mpox. For now, staying informed and prepared is the best defense against this disease.
Schedule a consultation now and download the Medgate app today via Appstore or Google Play. You can also reach us through Facebook Messenger or by calling the numbers provided below.
Available 24/7 and on holidays, ready to give the gift that comforts.
References:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox